BuzzNutrition
TREATMENTS FOR STROKE IN AFRICA HERBAL MEDICINE BY
BABALAWO OBANIFA-Obanifa Extreme Documentaries- Reformed Africa Ifa
Spirituality (RAIS)- Herbal Healing Series
In this current
work Babalawo Obanifa will document
in detail varieties of herbal formula available in Africa Herbal Medicine for the
treatments of Stroke. The work will for
the sake of enlightenment and education purpose before embarking on the documentation
provide the reader with educational information on Stroke symptoms, causes,
treatments and prevention as provide by trained health practitioners and medical
authors. In a bid to do this substantial part of Mayo Clinic Staff and explanations
on stroke will be adopt in this work. According to definition and information
offer by the aforementioned sources: A stroke occurs when the blood supply to
part of your brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from
getting oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die in minutes.
A stroke is a
medical emergency, and prompt treatment is crucial. Early action can reduce
brain damage and other complications.
The good news is
that many fewer Americans die of stroke now than in the past. Effective
treatments can also help prevent disability from stroke.
Symptoms
If
you or someone you're with may be having a stroke, pay particular attention to
the time the symptoms began. Some treatment options are most effective when
given soon after a stroke begins.
Signs
and symptoms of stroke include:
- Trouble speaking and understanding what others are saying. You may experience confusion, slur your words or have difficulty understanding speech.
- Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg. You may develop sudden numbness, weakness or paralysis in your face, arm or leg. This often affects just one side of your body. Try to raise both your arms over your head at the same time. If one arm begins to fall, you may be having a stroke. Also, one side of your mouth may droop when you try to smile.
- Problems seeing in one or both eyes. You may suddenly have blurred or blackened vision in one or both eyes, or you may see double.
- Headache. A sudden, severe headache, which may be accompanied by vomiting, dizziness or altered consciousness, may indicate that you're having a stroke.
- Trouble walking. You may stumble or lose your balance. You may also have sudden dizziness or a loss of coordination.
When to see a doctor
Seek
immediate medical attention if you notice
any signs or symptoms of a stroke, even if they seem to come and go or they
disappear completely. Think "FAST" and do the following:
- Face. Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
- Arms. Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? Or is one arm unable to rise?
- Speech. Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is his or her speech slurred or strange?
- Time. If you observe any of these signs, call 911 or emergency medical help immediately.
Call
911 or your local emergency number right away. Don't wait to see if symptoms
stop. Every minute counts. The longer a stroke goes untreated, the greater the
potential for brain damage and disability.
If
you're with someone you suspect is having a stroke, watch the person carefully
while waiting for emergency assistance.
Causes
There
are two main causes of stroke: a blocked artery (ischemic stroke) or leaking or
bursting of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Some people may have only a
temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, known as a transient ischemic
attack (TIA), that doesn't cause lasting symptoms.
Ischemic stroke
This
is the most common type of stroke. It happens when the brain's blood vessels
become narrowed or blocked, causing severely reduced blood flow (ischemia).
Blocked or narrowed blood vessels are caused by fatty deposits that build up in
blood vessels or by blood clots or other debris that travel through your
bloodstream and lodge in the blood vessels in your brain.
Some
initial research shows that COVID-19 infection may be a possible cause of
ischemic stroke, but more study is needed.
Hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic
stroke occurs when a blood vessel in your brain leaks or ruptures. Brain
hemorrhages can result from many conditions that affect your blood vessels.
Factors related to hemorrhagic stroke include:
- Uncontrolled high blood pressure
- Overtreatment with blood thinners (anticoagulants)
- Bulges at weak spots in your blood vessel walls (aneurysms)
- Trauma (such as a car accident)
- Protein deposits in blood vessel walls that lead to weakness in the vessel wall (cerebral amyloid angiopathy)
- Ischemic stroke leading to hemorrhage
A
less common cause of bleeding in the brain is the rupture of an abnormal tangle
of thin-walled blood vessels (arteriovenous malformation).
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
A
transient ischemic attack (TIA) — sometimes known as a ministroke — is a
temporary period of symptoms similar to those you'd have in a stroke. A TIA
doesn't cause permanent damage. They're caused by a temporary decrease in blood
supply to part of your brain, which may last as little as five minutes.
Like
an ischemic stroke, a TIA occurs when a clot or debris reduces or blocks blood
flow to part of your nervous system.
Seek
emergency care even if you think you've had a TIA because your symptoms got
better. It's not possible to tell if you're having a stroke or TIA based only
on your symptoms. If you've had a TIA, it means you may have a partially
blocked or narrowed artery leading to your brain. Having a TIA increases your
risk of having a full-blown stroke later.
Risk factors
Many
factors can increase your stroke risk. Potentially treatable stroke risk
factors include:
Lifestyle risk factors
- Being overweight or obese
- Physical inactivity
- Heavy or binge drinking
- Use of illegal drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine
Medical risk factors
- High blood pressure
- Cigarette smoking or secondhand smoke exposure
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, heart defects, heart infection or abnormal heart rhythm, such as atrial fibrillation
- Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack or transient ischemic attack
- COVID-19 infection
Other
factors associated with a higher risk of stroke include:
- Age — People age 55 or older have a higher risk of stroke than do younger people.
- Race — African Americans have a higher risk of stroke than do people of other races.
- Sex — Men have a higher risk of stroke than women. Women are usually older when they have strokes, and they're more likely to die of strokes than are men.
- Hormones — Use of birth control pills or hormone therapies that include estrogen increases risk.
Complications
A
stroke can sometimes cause temporary or permanent disabilities, depending on
how long the brain lacks blood flow and which part was affected. Complications
may include:
- Paralysis or loss of muscle movement. You may become paralyzed on one side of your body, or lose control of certain muscles, such as those on one side of your face or one arm.
- Difficulty talking or swallowing. A stroke might affect control of the muscles in your mouth and throat, making it difficult for you to talk clearly, swallow or eat. You also may have difficulty with language, including speaking or understanding speech, reading, or writing.
- Memory loss or thinking difficulties. Many people who have had strokes experience some memory loss. Others may have difficulty thinking, reasoning, making judgments and understanding concepts.
- Emotional problems. People who have had strokes may have more difficulty controlling their emotions, or they may develop depression.
- Pain. Pain, numbness or other unusual sensations may occur in the parts of the body affected by stroke. For example, if a stroke causes you to lose feeling in your left arm, you may develop an uncomfortable tingling sensation in that arm.
- Changes in behavior and self-care ability. People who have had strokes may become more withdrawn. They may need help with grooming and daily chores.
Prevention
Knowing
your stroke risk factors, following your doctor's recommendations and adopting
a healthy lifestyle are the best steps you can take to prevent a stroke. If
you've had a stroke or a transient ischemic attack (TIA), these measures might
help prevent another stroke. The follow-up care you receive in the hospital and
afterward also may play a role.
Many
stroke prevention strategies are the same as strategies to prevent heart
disease. In general, healthy lifestyle recommendations include:
- Controlling high blood pressure (hypertension). This is one of the most important things you can do to reduce your stroke risk. If you've had a stroke, lowering your blood pressure can help prevent a subsequent TIA or stroke. Healthy lifestyle changes and medications are often used to treat high blood pressure.
- Lowering the amount of cholesterol and saturated fat in your diet. Eating less cholesterol and fat, especially saturated fat and trans fats, may reduce the buildup in your arteries. If you can't control your cholesterol through dietary changes alone, your doctor may prescribe a cholesterol-lowering medication.
- Quitting tobacco use. Smoking raises the risk of stroke for smokers and nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. Quitting tobacco use reduces your risk of stroke.
- Managing diabetes. Diet, exercise and losing weight can help you keep your blood sugar in a healthy range. If lifestyle factors don't seem to be enough to control your diabetes, your doctor may prescribe diabetes medication.
- Maintaining a healthy weight. Being overweight contributes to other stroke risk factors, such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
- Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. A diet containing five or more daily servings of fruits or vegetables may reduce your risk of stroke. The Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes olive oil, fruit, nuts, vegetables and whole grains, may be helpful.
- Exercising regularly. Aerobic exercise reduces your risk of stroke in many ways. Exercise can lower your blood pressure, increase your levels of good cholesterol, and improve the overall health of your blood vessels and heart. It also helps you lose weight, control diabetes and reduce stress. Gradually work up to at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity — such as walking, jogging, swimming or bicycling — on most, if not all, days of the week.
- Drinking alcohol in moderation, if at all. Heavy alcohol consumption increases your risk of high blood pressure, ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes. Alcohol may also interact with other drugs you're taking. However, drinking small to moderate amounts of alcohol, such as one drink a day, may help prevent ischemic stroke and decrease your blood's clotting tendency. Talk to your doctor about what's appropriate for you.
- Treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Your doctor may recommend a sleep study if you have symptoms of OSA — a sleep disorder that causes you to stop breathing for short periods repeatedly during sleep. Treatment for OSA includes a device that delivers positive airway pressure through a mask to keep your airway open while you sleep.
- Avoiding illegal drugs. Certain street drugs, such as cocaine and methamphetamine, are established risk factors for a TIA or a stroke.
Preventive medications
If
you've had an ischemic stroke or TIA, your doctor may recommend medications to
help reduce your risk of having another stroke. These include:
- Anti-platelet drugs. Platelets are cells in your blood that form clots. Anti-platelet drugs make these cells less sticky and less likely to clot. The most commonly used anti-platelet medication is aspirin. Your doctor can help you determine the right dose of aspirin for you.
Your
doctor might also consider prescribing Aggrenox, a combination of low-dose
aspirin and the anti-platelet drug dipyridamole to reduce the risk of blood
clotting. After a TIA or minor stroke, your doctor may give you aspirin and an
anti-platelet drug such as clopidogrel (Plavix) for a period of time to reduce
the risk of another stroke. If you can't take aspirin, your doctor may
prescribe clopidogrel alone.
- Anticoagulants. These drugs reduce blood clotting. Heparin is fast acting and may be used short-term in the hospital.
Slower-acting
warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) may be used over a longer term. Warfarin is a
powerful blood-thinning drug, so you'll need to take it exactly as directed and
watch for side effects. You'll also need to have regular blood tests to monitor
warfarin's effects.
Several
newer blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants) are available for preventing
strokes in people who have a high risk. These medications include dabigatran
(Pradaxa), rivaroxaban (Xarelto), apixaban (Eliquis) and edoxaban (Savaysa).
They're shorter acting than warfarin and usually don't require regular blood
tests or monitoring by your doctor. These drugs are also associated with a
lower risk of bleeding complications.
Diagnosis
Things will move
quickly once you get to the hospital, as your emergency team tries to determine
what type of stroke you're having. That means you'll have a CT scan or other
imaging test soon after arrival. Doctors also need to rule out other possible
causes of your symptoms, such as a brain tumor or a drug reaction.
Some of the tests
you may have include:
- A physical exam. Your doctor will do a number of tests you're familiar with, such as listening to your heart and checking your blood pressure. You'll also have a neurological exam to see how a potential stroke is affecting your nervous system.
- Blood tests. You may have several blood tests, including tests to check how fast your blood clots, whether your blood sugar is too high or low, and whether you have an infection.
- Computerized tomography (CT) scan. A CT scan uses a series of X-rays to create a detailed image of your brain. A CT scan can show bleeding in the brain, an ischemic stroke, a tumor or other conditions. Doctors may inject a dye into your bloodstream to view your blood vessels in your neck and brain in greater detail (computerized tomography angiography).
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An MRI uses powerful radio waves and magnets to create a detailed view of your brain. An MRI can detect brain tissue damaged by an ischemic stroke and brain hemorrhages. Your doctor may inject a dye into a blood vessel to view the arteries and veins and highlight blood flow (magnetic resonance angiography or magnetic resonance venography).
- Carotid ultrasound. In this test, sound waves create detailed images of the inside of the carotid arteries in your neck. This test shows buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) and blood flow in your carotid arteries.
- Cerebral angiogram. In this uncommonly used test, your doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube (catheter) through a small incision, usually in your groin, and guides it through your major arteries and into your carotid or vertebral artery. Then your doctor injects a dye into your blood vessels to make them visible under X-ray imaging. This procedure gives a detailed view of arteries in your brain and neck.
- Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create detailed images of your heart. An echocardiogram can find a source of clots in your heart that may have traveled from your heart to your brain and caused your stroke.
Treatment
Emergency
treatment for stroke depends on whether you're having an ischemic stroke or a
stroke that involves bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic).
Ischemic stroke
To treat an
ischemic stroke, doctors must quickly restore blood flow to your brain. This
may be done with:
·
Emergency
IV medication. Therapy with
drugs that can break up a clot has to be given within 4.5 hours from when
symptoms first started if given intravenously. The sooner these drugs are
given, the better. Quick treatment not only improves your chances of survival
but also may reduce complications.
An
IV injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) — also called
alteplase (Activase) — is the gold standard treatment for ischemic stroke. An
injection of tPA is usually
given through a vein in the arm with the first three hours. Sometimes, tPA
can be given up to 4.5 hours after stroke symptoms started.
This
drug restores blood flow by dissolving the blood clot causing your stroke. By
quickly removing the cause of the stroke, it may help people recover more fully
from a stroke. Your doctor will consider certain risks, such as potential
bleeding in the brain, to determine if tPA
is appropriate for you.
- Emergency endovascular procedures. Doctors sometimes treat ischemic strokes directly inside the blocked blood vessel. Endovascular therapy has been shown to significantly improve outcomes and reduce long-term disability after ischemic stroke. These procedures must be performed as soon as possible:
- Medications delivered directly to the brain. Doctors insert a long, thin tube (catheter) through an artery in your groin and thread it to your brain to deliver tPA directly where the stroke is happening. The time window for this treatment is somewhat longer than for injected tPA, but is still limited.
- Removing the clot with a stent retriever. Doctors can use a device attached to a catheter to directly remove the clot from the blocked blood vessel in your brain. This procedure is particularly beneficial for people with large clots that can't be completely dissolved with tPA. This procedure is often performed in combination with injected tPA.
The time window
when these procedures can be considered has been expanding due to newer imaging
technology. Doctors may order perfusion imaging tests (done with CT
or MRI) to help determine how
likely it is that someone can benefit from endovascular therapy.
Other procedures
To decrease your
risk of having another stroke or transient ischemic attack, your doctor may
recommend a procedure to open up an artery that's narrowed by plaque. Options
vary depending on your situation, but include:
- Carotid endarterectomy. Carotid arteries are the blood vessels that run along each side of your neck, supplying your brain (carotid arteries) with blood. This surgery removes the plaque blocking a carotid artery, and may reduce your risk of ischemic stroke. A carotid endarterectomy also involves risks, especially for people with heart disease or other medical conditions.
- Angioplasty and stents. In an angioplasty, a surgeon threads a catheter to your carotid arteries through an artery in your groin. A balloon is then inflated to expand the narrowed artery. Then a stent can be inserted to support the opened artery.
Hemorrhagic stroke
Emergency
treatment of hemorrhagic stroke focuses on controlling the bleeding and
reducing pressure in your brain caused by the excess fluid. Treatment options
include:
- Emergency measures. If you take blood-thinning medications to prevent blood clots, you may be given drugs or transfusions of blood products to counteract the blood thinners' effects. You may also be given drugs to lower the pressure in your brain (intracranial pressure), lower your blood pressure, prevent spasms of your blood vessels and prevent seizures.
- Surgery. If the area of bleeding is large, your doctor may perform surgery to remove the blood and relieve pressure on your brain. Surgery may also be used to repair blood vessel problems associated with hemorrhagic strokes. Your doctor may recommend one of these procedures after a stroke or if an aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM) or other type of blood vessel problem caused your hemorrhagic stroke:
- Surgical clipping. A surgeon places a tiny clamp at the base of the aneurysm, to stop blood flow to it. This clamp can keep the aneurysm from bursting, or it can keep an aneurysm that has recently hemorrhaged from bleeding again.
- Coiling (endovascular embolization). Using a catheter inserted into an artery in your groin and guided to your brain, your surgeon will place tiny detachable coils into the aneurysm to fill it. This blocks blood flow into the aneurysm and causes blood to clot.
- Surgical AVM removal. Surgeons may remove a smaller AVM if it's located in an accessible area of your brain. This eliminates the risk of rupture and lowers the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. However, it's not always possible to remove an AVM if it's located deep within the brain, it's large, or its removal would cause too much of an impact on brain function.
- Stereotactic radiosurgery. Using multiple beams of highly focused radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery is an advanced minimally invasive treatment used to repair blood vessel malformations.
Stroke recovery and rehabilitation
After emergency
treatment, you'll be closely monitored for at least a day. After that, stroke
care focuses on helping you recover as much function as possible and return to
independent living. The impact of your stroke depends on the area of the brain
involved and the amount of tissue damaged.
If your stroke
affected the right side of your brain, your movement and sensation on the left
side of your body may be affected. If your stroke damaged the brain tissue on
the left side of your brain, your movement and sensation on the right side of
your body may be affected. Brain damage to the left side of your brain may
cause speech and language disorders.
Most stroke
survivors go to a rehabilitation program. Your doctor will recommend the most
rigorous therapy program you can handle based on your age, overall health and
degree of disability from your stroke. Your doctor will take into consideration
your lifestyle, interests and priorities, and the availability of family
members or other caregivers.
Rehabilitation may
begin before you leave the hospital. After discharge, you might continue your
program in a rehabilitation unit of the same hospital, another rehabilitation
unit or skilled nursing facility, as an outpatient, or at home.
Every person's
stroke recovery is different. Depending on your condition, your treatment team
may include:
- Doctor trained in brain conditions (neurologist)
- Rehabilitation doctor (physiatrist)
- Rehabilitation nurse
- Dietitian
- Physical therapist
- Occupational therapist
- Recreational therapist
- Speech pathologist
- Social worker or case manager
- Psychologist or psychiatrist
- Chaplain
Treatment outcomes
One way to
evaluate the care of patients diagnosed with stroke is to look at the
percentage of patients receiving the timely and effective care measures that
are appropriate. The goal is 100 percent.
The graphs below
display the percentage of eligible Mayo Clinic patients diagnosed with stroke
Coping and support
A
stroke is a life-changing event that can affect your emotional well-being as
much as your physical function. You may sometimes feel helpless, frustrated,
depressed and apathetic. You may also have mood changes and a lower sex drive.
Maintaining
your self-esteem, connections to others and interest in the world are essential
parts of your recovery. Several strategies may help you and your caregivers,
including:
- Don't be hard on yourself. Accept that physical and emotional recovery will involve tough work and that it will take time. Aim for a "new normal," and celebrate your progress. Allow time for rest.
- Join a support group. Meeting with others who are coping with a stroke lets you get out and share experiences, exchange information and build new friendships.
- Let friends and family know what you need. People may want to help, but they may not know what to do. Let them know how they can help, such as by bringing over a meal and staying to eat with you and talk, or attending social events or religious activities with you.
Communication challenges
Problems
with your speech and language can be especially frustrating. Here are some tips
to help you and your caregivers cope with communication challenges:
- Practice. Try to have a conversation at least once a day. It will help you learn what works best for you. It will also help you feel connected and help rebuild your confidence.
- Relax and take your time. Talking may be easiest and most enjoyable in a relaxing situation when you're not rushed. Some stroke survivors find that after dinner is a good time.
- Say it your way. When you're recovering from a stroke, you may need to use fewer words, rely on gestures or use your tone of voice to communicate.
- Use props and communication aids. You may find it helpful to use cue cards showing frequently used words or pictures of close friends and family members, a favorite television show, the bathroom or other regular wants and needs.
Preparing for your appointment
A
stroke in progress is usually diagnosed in a hospital. If you're having a
stroke, your immediate care will focus on minimizing brain damage. If you
haven't yet had a stroke but you're worried about your future risk, you can
discuss your concerns with your doctor at your next scheduled appointment.
What to expect from your doctor
In
the emergency room, you may see an emergency medicine specialist or a doctor
trained in brain conditions (neurologist), as well as nurses and medical
technicians.
Your
emergency team's first priority will be to stabilize your symptoms and overall
medical condition. Then the team will determine if you're having a stroke.
Doctors will try to find the cause of your stroke to determine the most
appropriate treatment.
If
you're seeking your doctor's advice during a scheduled appointment, your doctor
will evaluate your risk factors for stroke and heart disease. Your discussion
will focus on avoiding these risk factors, such as not smoking or using illegal
drugs. Your doctor will also discuss lifestyle strategies or medications to
control high blood pressure, cholesterol and other stroke risk factors.
Herbal Remedies For
Stroke In Africa Herbal Medicine As
Document By Babalawo Obanifa
1.
Ewe
Orupa
(leaves of Hymenocardia acida )
Ewe Oluganbe ( fresh leaves
of Ipomea Asarifolia)
Eeru (Xylopia Aethopica)
Preparation
and Usage
Boil
all the aforementioned items in clean water and boil it. The patient suffering
from stroke will be bathing with it once daily. He/she will also be drinking
from it.
2.
Ewe Ewuro tutu (fresh
bitter leaves /Verlonia Amygdalina )
Preparation
and Usage
You will squeeze the fresh
leaves of Ewe Ewuro tutu (fresh bitter leaves /Verlonia Amygdalina ) with water.
The patient will be drinking one glass of it three times daily for two months.
3.
Ewe Imi Esu ( fresh leaves of
Ageratum Conyzoidies )
Oyin Igan (natural honey)
Preparation
and Usage
You will squeeze the leaves of Billy goat/Ageratum Conyzoides
) in plenty quantity . Mix it with honey. The person suffering from Stoke will be taking one shot of it two
times daily.
4.
Ewe Ibepe Gbigbe (dry
leaves of pawpaw/Carica Papaya)
Adin (palm kernel oil )
Preparation
and Usage
You will grind the dry leaves of pawpaw to fine powder
and mix it with the palm kernel oil. The patient will be applying it on the affected part of
the body.
5.
Any
ointment of your choice
Blue color alum
Camphor
Cahura
Shea butter extract from
animal fat (Ori Amo)
Shea butter ( Ordinary
shea butter)
Preparation
and Usage
Grind the aforementioned
items together to fine paste. The paste will be apply to the affected part of
the body.
6.
Ewe Ewuro (Fresh bitter
leaves /Verlonia Amygdalina )
Ewe Tete( Leaves of
Amaranthus Viriis)
Ewe Odundun ( leaves of
Kalanchoe Crenata)
Ori (Shea butter)
Preparation
and Usage
You
will
grind Ewe Ewuro (Fresh bitter leaves /Verlonia Amygdalina ),Ewe Tete( Leaves of
Amaranthus Viriis),Ewe Odundun ( leaves of Kalanchoe Crenata) into fine
paste. You will mix it with the Shea
butter. You will be applying this on the affected part of the body of the victims.
7.
Atale (Ginger /Zingiber
Officinale)
Alubosa Ayu (Garlic/
Alium Sativum )
Oyin Igan ( Natural Honey)
Preparation
and Usage
You will grind the ginger
and garlic together. You will mix it with natural honey. The patient will be
taking one shot of it two times daily.
8.
Igbale (brooms)
Egbo Ipeta tutu (Fresh
roots of Securidaca Longepeduculata)
Kanafuru (cloves)
Alubosa Elewe ( Allium Aescalonicum)
Imi Ojo pupa ( Yellow color Sulphur)
Preparation
and Usage
The aforementioned items
will be grind together to a fine powder. The patient will be taking one tea spoon of the preparation with pap two
times daily . It must be taking with hot pap.
9.
Incision
for Stroke
Four feet of He-goats
Preparation
and usage
You will burn the entire
aforementioned items to fine powder.
Usage
Make incision around affected
arm or leg of the patients. Apply the
powder on the incisions.
10.
Ewe Ibepe Tutu (fresh pawpaw leaves /Carica
Papaya)
Preparation
and Usage
Boil the leaves with
clean water. The patient will be
drinking one full glass of it three times daily for two months.
Sources
of Medical Information Present In this work
1.
Walls RM, et al., eds. Stroke. In:
Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Elsevier;
2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Oct. 5, 2019.
2.
Ferri FF. Stroke, ischemic. In:
Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com.
Accessed Oct. 5, 2019.
3.
Know stroke brochure. National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
https://www.stroke.nih.gov/materials/needtoknow.htm. Accessed Oct. 5, 2019.
4.
Stroke. National Heart, Lung, and
Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/stroke. Accessed Oct.
5, 2019.
5.
AskMayoExpert. Acute stroke and
transient ischemic attack (TIA) (adult). Mayo Clinic. 2017.
6.
Steiger N, et al. Primary prevention
of stroke. JAMA. 2016; doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5529.
7.
Hasan TF, et al. Diagnosis and
management of acute ischemic stroke. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2018;
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.013.
8.
Weinstein CJ, et al. Guidelines for
adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: A guideline for healthcare
professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
Stroke. 2016; doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000098.
9.
Ferri FF. Stroke, hemorrhagic. In:
Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com.
Accessed Oct. 5, 2019.
10.
Cerebral aneurysms fact sheet.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/patient-caregiver-education/fact-sheets/cerebral-aneurysms-fact-sheet.
Accessed Oct. 7, 2019.
11.
Transient ischemic attack. Merck
Manual Professional Version.
https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/stroke/transient-ischemic-attack-tia.
Accessed Oct. 7, 2019.
12.
Post-stroke rehabilitation. National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Post-Stroke-Rehabilitation-Fact-Sheet.
Accessed Oct. 5, 2019.
13.
Furie KL, et al. Overview of
secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Oct. 12, 2019.
14.
Preventing stroke: Healthy living.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/healthy_living.htm. Accessed Oct. 5, 2019.
15.
Preventing stroke: Control medical
conditions. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/healthy_living.htm.
Accessed Oct. 5, 2019.
16.
Powers WJ, et al. 2018 guidelines
for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: A guideline
for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American
Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018; doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000158.
17.
Rodrigues FB, et al. Endovascular
treatment versus medical care alone for ischaemic stroke: systematic review and
meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016.; doi:10.1136/bmj.i1754.
18.
Carotid endarterectomy. National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/carotid-endarterectomy. Accessed Oct.
5, 2019.
19.
Lal BK, et al. Carotid stenting
versus carotid endarterectomy: What did the carotid revascularization
endarterectomy versus stenting trial show and where do we go from here?
Angiology. 2017; doi:10.1177/0003319716661661.
20.
Effects of stroke. American Stroke
Association. https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke. Accessed
Oct. 7, 2019.
21.
Rehab therapy after a stroke.
American Stroke Association.
https://www.stroke.org/en/life-after-stroke/stroke-rehab/rehab-therapy-after-a-stroke.
Accessed Oct. 7, 2019.
22.
Emotional & behavioral effects
of a stroke. American Stroke Association.
https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/emotional-effects-of-stroke.
Accessed Oct. 7, 2019.
23.
Three key steps to recover from
stroke. American Stroke Association.
https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/emotional-effects-of-stroke/secrets-of-success.
Accessed Oct. 7, 2019.
24.
Tips for socializing with aphasia.
American Stroke Association.
https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/effects-of-stroke/cognitive-and-communication-effects-of-stroke/maximizing-communication-and-independence/tips-for-socializing-with-aphasia.
Accessed Oct. 7, 2019.
25.
Barrett KM, et al. Ambulance-based
assessment of NIH stroke scale with telemedicine: A feasibility pilot study.
Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2017; doi:10.1177/1357633X16648490.
26.
Attig JM. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo
Clinic. Nov. 11, 2019.
27.
Riggin EA. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo
Clinic. July 23, 2019.
28.
Quality check. The Joint Commission.
https://www.qualitycheck.org/search/?keyword=mayo%20clinic. Accessed Oct. 7,
2019.
29.
Know before you go. American Heart
Association. https://hospitalmaps.heart.org/AHAMAP/map/qimap.jsp. Accessed Oct.
7, 2019.
30.
Graff-Radford J (expert opinion).
Mayo Clinic. Oct. 29, 2019.
31.
AskMayoExpert. COVID-19: Neurologic
manifestations. Mayo Clinic; 2020.
32.
Mao L, et al. Neurologic
manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan,
China. JAMA Neurology. 2020; doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127.
33.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350119
Copyright: Babalawo Pele
Obasa Obanifa, phone and whatsapp contact :+2348166343145, location Ile Ife
osun state Nigeria.
IMPORTANT NOTICE : As
regards the article above, all rights reserved, no part of this article may be
reproduced or duplicated in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
including photocopying and recording or by any information storage or retrieval
system without prior written permission From the copyright holder and the
author Babalawo Obanifa, doing so is considered unlawful and will attract legal
consequence
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.