HERBAL MEDICINE FOR PREVENTION OF MATERNAL MORTALITY (MABOYUNKUN) BY BABALAWO OBANIFA-Obanifa extreme documentaries

HERBAL MEDICINE FOR PREVENTION OF MATERNAL MORTALITY (MABOYUNKUN) BY BABALAWO OBANIFA-Obanifa extreme documentaries

In this current work Babalawo Obanifa will document in detail some of the herbal formulae avalible in Yoruba Herbal Medicine for prevention of Maternal mortality. By Maternal Mortality within the context of this work. We are referring to the death of a woman as a result of childbearing. In Yoruba herbal medicine the set of herbal formulae available to prevent such occurrence during childbearing is known as Maboyunku. the death of a woman as a result of childbearing. The definition Of WHO (World Health Organization)on Maternal Mortality seem to be the best. According to WHO, Maternal death is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes. To facilitate the identification of maternal deaths in circumstances in which cause of death attribution is inadequate, a new category has been introduced: Pregnancy-related death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the cause of death(1). The orthodox Medicine have advance so much in taking care of this aspect that it is not really a common occurrence the way it used to be in in olden days. Despite this This medicinal formulae of this nature should not be allow to go into extinction for sake of people who care to use them. This work shall be in in two part. Part one of it will give detail explanation of Maternal mortality and it prevent as explain by World health Organization who have been leading agent for Eradication of Child Mortality in the World. The second part which will is the concluding part of this work will document varieties of herbal formulae available in Yoruba Herbal Medicine For the prevention of Maternal mortality. According to World Health Organization.(2)

Key point

(i)                 Every day in 2017, approximately 810 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth.

(ii)              Between 2000 and 2017, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR, number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) dropped by about 38% worldwide.

(iii)            94% of all maternal deaths occur in low and lower middle-income countries.

(iv)             Young adolescents (ages 10-14) face a higher risk of complications and death as a result of pregnancy than other women.

(v)               Skilled care before, during and after childbirth can save the lives of women and newborns.

(vi)             Maternal mortality is unacceptably high. About 295 000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in 2017. The vast majority of these deaths (94%) occurred in low-resource settings, and most could have been prevented. (1)

  (vii)     Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia accounted for approximately 86% (254 000) of the estimated global maternal deaths in 2017. Sub-Saharan Africa alone accounted for roughly two-thirds (196 000) of maternal deaths, while Southern Asia accounted for nearly one-fifth (58 000). 

At the same time, between 2000 and 2017, Southern Asia achieved the greatest overall reduction in MMR: a decline of nearly 60% (from an MMR of 384 down to 157). Despite its very high MMR in 2017, sub-Saharan Africa as a sub-region also achieved a substantial reduction in MMR of nearly 40% since 2000. Additionally, four other sub-regions roughly halved their MMRs during this period: Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Europe and Northern Africa. Overall, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in less-developed countries declined by just under 50%.  

Where do maternal deaths occur?

The high number of maternal deaths in some areas of the world reflects inequalities in access to quality health services and highlights the gap between rich and poor. The MMR in low income countries in 2017 is 462 per 100 000 live births versus 11 per 100 000 live births in high income countries. 

In 2017, according to the Fragile States Index, 15 countries were considered to be “very high alert” or “high alert” being a fragile state (South Sudan, Somalia, Central African Republic, Yemen, Syria, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad, Afghanistan, Iraq, Haiti, Guinea, Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Ethiopia), and these 15 countries had MMRs in 2017 ranging from 31 (Syria) to 1150 (South Sudan).

The risk of maternal mortality is highest for adolescent girls under 15 years old and complications in pregnancy and childbirth are higher among adolescent girls age 10-19 (compared to women aged 20-24) (2,3).

Women in less developed countries have, on average, many more pregnancies than women in developed countries, and their lifetime risk of death due to pregnancy is higher. A woman’s lifetime risk of maternal death is the probability that a 15 year old woman will eventually die from a maternal cause. In high income countries, this is 1 in 5400, versus 1 in 45 in low income countries. 

Why do women die?

Women die as a result of complications during and following pregnancy and childbirth. Most of these complications develop during pregnancy and most are preventable or treatable. Other complications may exist before pregnancy but are worsened during pregnancy, especially if not managed as part of the woman’s care. The major complications that account for nearly 75% of all maternal deaths are (4):

severe bleeding (mostly bleeding after childbirth)

infections (usually after childbirth)

high blood pressure during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia)

complications from delivery

unsafe abortion.

The remainder are caused by or associated with infections such as malaria or related to chronic conditions like cardiac diseases or diabetes. 

[1] Fragile States Index is an assessment of 178 countries based on 12 cohesion, economic, social and political indicators, resulting in a score that indicates their susceptibility to instability. Further information about indicators and methodology is available at: https://fragilestatesindex.org/

How can women’s lives be saved?

Most maternal deaths are preventable, as the health-care solutions to prevent or manage complications are well known. All women need access to high quality care in pregnancy, and during and after childbirth. Maternal health and newborn health are closely linked. It is particularly important that all births are attended by skilled health professionals, as timely management and treatment can make the difference between life and death for the mother as well as for the baby. 

Severe bleeding after birth can kill a healthy woman within hours if she is unattended. Injecting oxytocics immediately after childbirth effectively reduces the risk of bleeding.

Infection after childbirth can be eliminated if good hygiene is practiced and if early signs of infection are recognized and treated in a timely manner.

Pre-eclampsia should be detected and appropriately managed before the onset of convulsions (eclampsia) and other life-threatening complications. Administering drugs such as magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia can lower a woman’s risk of developing eclampsia.

To avoid maternal deaths, it is also vital to prevent unwanted pregnancies. All women, including adolescents, need access to contraception, safe abortion services to the full extent of the law, and quality post-abortion care.

Why do women not get the care they need?

Poor women in remote areas are the least likely to receive adequate health care. This is especially true for regions with low numbers of skilled health workers, such as sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. 

The latest available data suggest that in most high income and upper middle income countries, more than 90% of all births benefit from the presence of a trained midwife, doctor or nurse. However, fewer than half of all births in several low income and lower-middle-income countries are assisted by such skilled health personnel (5)

The main factors that prevent women from receiving or seeking care during pregnancy and childbirth are:

poverty

distance to facilities

lack of information

inadequate and poor quality services

cultural beliefs and practices.

To improve maternal health, barriers that limit access to quality maternal health services must be identified and addressed at both health system and societal levels.

The Sustainable Development Goals and Maternal Mortality

In the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), countries have united behind a new target to accelerate the decline of maternal mortality by 2030. SDG 3 includes an ambitious target: “reducing the global MMR to less than 70 per 100 000 births, with no country having a maternal mortality rate of more than twice the global average”. 

WHO response

Improving maternal health is one of WHO’s key priorities. WHO works to contribute to the reduction of maternal mortality by increasing research evidence, providing evidence-based clinical and programmatic guidance, setting global standards, and providing technical support to Member States on developing and implementing effective policy and programmes.

As defined in the Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality Strategy (6), WHO is working with partners in supporting countries towards:

addressing inequalities in access to and quality of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health care services;

ensuring universal health coverage for comprehensive reproductive, maternal, and newborn health care;

addressing all causes of maternal mortality, reproductive and maternal morbidities, and related disabilities; 

strengthening health systems to collect high quality data in order to respond to the needs and priorities of women and girls; and

ensuring accountability in order to improve quality of care and equity.

Part II

HERBAL MEDICINE FOR PREVENTION OF MATENAL MORTALITY IN Yoruba herbal MMEDICINE AS DOCUMENT BY BABALAWO OBANIFA

1.

Egbo tude(roots  of Calliandra Portoricensis)

Ewe Etipa Elila /Etiponla(leaves of hogweed /Boerhavia diffusa)

Ewe Ejinrin wewe(leaves of Mormodica charantia)

Imi ojo(yellow Sulphur)

Eso Oju ologbo/Iwerenejeje(seed of Abrus Precatorius)

Preparation

You  will use lime orange juice to squeeze the  Omi osan wewe(lime orange juice) Egbo tude(roots  of Calliandra Portoricensis),Ewe Etipa Elila /Etiponla(leaves of hogweed /Boerhavia diffusa),Ewe Ejinrin wewe(leaves of Mormodica charantia).You will then grind Imi ojo(yellow Sulphur)Eso Oju ologbo/Iwerenejeje(seed of Abrus Precatorius) to fine podwer.You will mix with the herbal juice you make earlier.

Uses

The pregnant woman will be drinking one shot of it a month. Starting from the period  the pregnancy is three month old till nine month. She will deliver safely.

2

Tewe Tegbo Ekuku gogoro(Sesam Beniseed/Sesamum Indicum)

Odidi Igbin(a whole land snail)

Preparation

You will uproot  Sesam Beniseed/Sesamum Indicum) plant with root and leaves ant once, You will remove the snail from it shell an wash it clean. The leaves and root of Seasm Beniseed into paste. Collect little urine from the pregnant woman early in the morning when she have not talk to anybody. Use it to cook the snail  with the paste of the leaves as a pepper soup for the woman . before eating you will say the following words to it thus:

O se Eewo

Ekuku ki ku Iko Omi

Emi ko nib a oyun ku

Ito idaji ki gbe Inu Igbesi

Ki omo inu mi wa loni

Tibi tire

Translation

It is a taboo

Ekuku don’t die in the river

Early morning ursine don’t stay don’t refuse to come out of bladder

The baby inside me should come out with ease

.

The woman  will eat this on the day she want to deliver.

3.

Eepo Ope(bark stem of palm tree ( Elaease Guinesese)

Egbo Akika/Aaka

Ako Okuta mesan ti a sa latinu Odo( nine qauttz stone pick from the river that flow through out the year without dying up)

Eeru Alamon(Xylopia aethiopical)

Preparation

Put everything in a pot . Filled it up with ordinary water. soak it there/ After 24 hour . The pregnant woman will be bathing with it.

 (1) (https://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/indmaternalmortality/en/ )(1)Trends in maternal mortality: 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.  

(2) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality(2) Ganchimeg T, Ota E, Morisaki N, et al. Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a World Health Organization multicountry study. BJOG 2014;121 Suppl 1:40–8.

(3) Althabe F, Moore JL, Gibbons L, et al. Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies: The Global Network’s Maternal Newborn Health Registry study. Reprod Health 2015;12 Suppl 2:S8.

(4) Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller AB, Daniels JD, et al. Global Causes of Maternal Death: A WHO Systematic Analysis. Lancet Global Health. 2014;2(6): e323-e333. 

(5)  Joint  UNICEF/WHO  database 2018  of skilled health  personnel, based on population-based national household survey data and routine health systems data (https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Interagency-SAB-Database_UNICEF_WHO_Apr-2018.xlsx).

(6)  Strategies towards ending preventable maternal mortality (‎EPMM)‎.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.

Copyright :Babalawo Pele Obasa Obanifa, phone and whatsapp contact :+2348166343145, location Ile Ife osun state Nigeria.

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